Category Archives: Night

My Top Ten – 9

Burj Al Arab, Dubai, 2015.

I visited Dubai for a few days and knew before going, that I had to get a shot of the Burj Al Arab.  As a photographer, it is never a good idea to drive straight to the building or monument, it’s gate, to make a good photograph.  Since I didn’t have several days to revisit Burj Al Arab, to conceive a good composition while on location, I had to do a bit of homework beforehand.  Based on quick research, I became aware of a good outdoor mall near Burj Al Arab, the Souk Madinat Jumeirah.  My imagination led me to conceive an image of Burj Al Arab, with parts of Souk Madinat Jumeirah as the context.  This is the image I ended up making.  A good unplanned outcome is the cool blue lighting on the building, contrasting with the warm lighting of the foreground buildings from Souk Madinat Jumeirah.  Most travel photographers, like to be free of the burden of a tripod, but given my landscape photography background, I carry a light tripod for such occasions.  Using a tripod ensured the high quality and sharpness of this 2 minute exposure.

Burj Al Arab, Dubai, UAE

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Palace of Fine Arts, San Francisco

If you have visited San Francisco, CA, this is definitely one place to see, especially at night.

If you are a photographer, who has visited San Francisco, I think this is a must have in your portfolio.

The technique to make such a photograph is pretty straightforward.  16mm lens on a full frame DSLR.  Mount on a firm tripod.  ISO 100.  f11 @ 1 minute exposure.

Given the symmetry involved in this scene, I emphasized the symmetry by centering it.

Palace of Fine Arts, San Francisco

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Register for my next webinar or ask a question for potential inclusion in my upcoming ebook, “101 tips for Digital Travel Photography” – Link

Happy July 4th to everyone

Folks, this year, I am sheltering at home, to contain the spread of coronavirus.  No July 4th fireworks for me.  However, let me present to you, my July 4th celebration from last year.  Here’s an image I made a year ago.

Happy July 4th, everyone.

Fourth of July fireworks, Santa Clara, CA

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Register for my next webinar or ask a question for potential inclusion in my upcoming ebook, “101 tips for Digital Travel Photography” – Link

Red Streak Noise in Long Exposure Night Shots Solved

Last Saturday, I was photographing along the California Hwy 1 coastline at night.  It was pretty dark requiring long exposures.  With that came a noise problem – a red streak in the image.  See below.

Long Exposure Night Shot of Sea Stack showing red streak noise

Long Exposure Night Shot of Sea Stack along California Hwy 1 Coast. See the two red streaks in the lower one-thirds of the image.

This was an eight minute exposure.  Shot at f22, ISO100.  Nikkor 70-200mm f2.8 lens and Nikon D4S body.  Fortunately, I had another two minute exposure of the same composition, made when there was a bit more light that would work for me as a keeper.  So, I had not lost the shot.  But, it was disconcerting to realize that I was limited to two minute exposures with this lens for night shots.

First, I wanted to ascertain that the red streak noise was repeatable.  I ran a series of tests on long night exposures yesterday, only to realize that with this lens, it was very repeatable as long as the scene was pretty dark and my exposure was greater than 2 minutes @ ISO100.  I also verified other ISOs and found that the red streak noise found during 4 minutes @ ISO100 and that found during 1 minute @ ISO400 were about the same.  There was no escaping this.  If I needed to shoot in very dark conditions – I will not be able to get away with shorter exposures, using ISO to compensate.  This was depressing …

Next, I attempted to see if “long exposure noise reduction” would compensate for this issue.  After all, the long exposure noise reduction works by making a dark exposure with identical parameters, with the shutter closed.  The idea is that the noise on the sensor would be same, which is later subtracted from the main image, thus reducing or eliminating to a great extent the noise resulting from long exposure.  The results of these tests were disappointing as well.  The noise was the same in the RAW files, but slightly reduced in the in-camera JPGs.  I shoot 100% RAW and would not be happy switching to JPG for the slight reduction in the red streak noise.  I needed to solve it fully.

As I drove around and lived my life today, it occurred to me that I should perhaps try to apply the long exposure noise reduction idea manually.  At the next opportunity I got, I put the lens cap on the same lens and made an eight minute exposure at f22 and ISO100.  The resulting dark exposure with red streak noise is shown below.

Dark exposure with lens cap on, recreating the red streak noise alone.

Dark exposure with lens cap on, recreating the red streak noise alone.

Now, I had to figure out a way to subtract the red streak noise seen in this image, from the original image.  Since I have been stacking images in Photoshop for years, this was easy for me to figure out.  Here is the procedure:

1. Load both images from LR into PS as layers.

2. Right-click the layers in PS and “Convert to Smart Object”.

3. Pull-down “Layer” > “Smart Objects” > “Stack Mode” > Range.

Stacking using “Range” makes sense, because it is essentially subtracting the maximum signal from the minimum signal and providing the difference.  Since the second image (containing only the red streak noise) has black in the rest of the image, only the red streak noise will get eliminated.

I tried this procedure and “bingo”, it worked.  The red streak noise was eliminated and there was no loss to the image quality.  All details of the underlying image came alive just as I had imagined.  The resulting red streak noise free image is shown below.

Red streak noise has now been eliminated in this image, using the procedure mentioned in this post.

Red streak noise has now been eliminated in this image, using the procedure mentioned in this post.

Conclusion – While I have not solved how to prevent the red streak noise in the first place, I have a pretty good procedure to deal with it in post.  Just take another image with the same exposure parameters as the real image, with the lens cap “on” this time.  This may be done several days later and in conditions different from the shoot.  Then, subtract the latter from the former using the PS procedure just outlined.

PS.  I have observed this red streak noise in my Nikkor 70-200mm f2.8 VR lens.  Others have reported it on the Nikkor 16-35mm f4 lens.  I checked my 16-35mm f4 lens and do not see this noise in that one.

If you have seen this type of red streak noise during long night exposures, please try this procedure and let me know if it worked for you.  I would appreciate it, if you could post your success story as a comment here.  Thank you for your attention.

Discovering unimaginably great photographic compositions

Great photographs are often not imagined that way.  Many advanced amateur photographers I know, step out into location, take an image with the most obvious composition and then walk away with the idea that they are done.  I did this for many years, but I no longer treat my photography that way.  I start with the most obvious compositions and then I stay and I stay and I stay.  I try another composition and yet another composition and keep on going until either physical exhaustion or mental exhaustion or my next chore deadline hits me.  Often, I stay at a location and make hundreds of images.  My best compositions then turn out to be those that are closer to the frame 100 mark and almost never near the frame 1.  The creative juices start flowing after the most obvious compositions are out of the way.  Your brain starts thinking out of the box, after the “in-the-box” thinking is exhausted.  This is in fact, a great way to train your composition skills.  Lock yourself into your closet and force yourself into making 100 different compositions.  Freeman Patterson taught me this through one of his books.  Later, when I attended a seminar by John Shaw, he told us the same thing.  Ever since, I have tried it very often and every time, I come up with some cool images.

Let me illustrate using one example.  This happened two weeks ago.  I was travelling with a fellow photographer in his car.  Fortunately for me, he was driving and we had an hour to drive before our night photo shoot in San Francisco.  He happened to tell me about his new Fuji X100S camera in his glove compartment.  I found myself pulling it out and making hand-held shots.  I made 300 frames that night and will show you a sample of the progression from trash to good (atleast for my eyes).

I started with images like this one.

One of the first images I made in a series of 300. Nothing spectacular. No big deal. But, this is just a beginning.

The first images made in a series will not be necessarily spectacular.  But, it is important to get going.

After a few frames, this is yet another frame that was made.

This image was made shortly after the car started moving. Nothing spectacular here either. But, some ideas are developing. The streaks due to long exposure is triggering a thought …

I want to extend the idea of making light streaks with long exposures.  So, I try some more shots.

The streaks are more prominent in this shot. This is validating that some cool images are possible. Need to try variations, with the same idea.

OK, at this point, I am thinking, “what else I can do with this idea?”  And then, I make an image like this.

Extending the idea of brandishing my camera during a long exposure. Still not a killer keeper, but I want to keep going.

By this time, I want to keep going with the idea further.  Then, after a few frames, I made this image.

Continuing on the streaks during long exposure idea.

Now, the idea of creating an image with streaks during a long exposure, while brandishing my camera, is very encouraging.  This is still not a keeper image for me, but it is getting close.  I want to keep going.

This is getting a lot closer to a clear keeper. In fact, with a crop to remove the emptiness of the bottom most area and the dark top right area, this is indeed a keeper. Very encouraging.

With the right crop, this is a nice keeper.  Let me keep going.

Ooooh! My first keeper, for my eyes. Made by brandishing my camera in circular movement plus bottom left to top right.

By this time, I have completed shooting over 200 frames.  From now on, I went on shooting solid keepers.  Here are some examples.

One of the keeper images, from a series of 300 shot in a one hour car ride. Never imagined this composition, before I started the car ride.

One of the keepers from the series of 300 images made in a one-hour car ride. This composition could not have been imagined prior to the ride.

My favorite so far, from the whole series. To my eyes, this is a lovely composition.

To summarize, you should practice your photographic composition often.  How about 100 images a day?  If not, atleast do 500 images a week.  In any one practice session, include atleast 100 images of a simple subject.  Your composition skills will shoot through the roof, if practiced consistently.  This is more useful than reading tens of books on composition.

If you found this article useful, let me know.  Email me at info@pixgaga.com.  Feel free to forward it, comment on it, and above all please use it.

Good luck with your photographic composition.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Five Techniques for Night Photography

This post is meant to help beginners get started with night photography.  Five different techniques are described and examples presented.

  1. Aperture Priority Long Exposure with Tripod.  This method works when you want to get your shot in one single exposure.  This is also the simplest technique of all the possibilities and therefore the easiest for absolute beginners.  The result can be much better if you use one of the other techniques described in this post, but this is the simplest way to begin.
    • ISO  = Native.  My Nikon D300 has a native ISO of 200 and my Nikon D5100 has a native ISO of 100.  This gives the best noise performance (least noise).
    • Aperture = as necessary for required depth of field.  For images with extensive depth of field, an aperture of f22 is appropriate.  If the subject is relatively flat with not much depth, you can get away with f5.6 or similar wide open aperture.
    • Metering = Matrix or Evaluative.  Matrix or evaluative metering works best if the image does not have disproportionate extreme tonalities.  The assumption is a night subject or landscape with average tonality.  If your image has half of it very bright and half of it dark, the matrix metering will work well most of the time.
    • Shutter speed = auto.  Let the camera determine the shutter speed automatically in the aperture priority mode.
    • Post process in Lightroom or similar software to reach desired look.  In today’s environment, it is a given that people are touching up their images in the computer.  I use Lightroom, Photoshop and Nik Software for my post processing.

    Shanghai Night Skyline

    Shanghai Night Skyline, shot from the Bund.  Nikon D300, Nikkor 17-35mm f2.8 lens, f16, 8s, ISO 200.  Gitzo 1340 Tripod, Kirk BH-1 Ball-head, Shutter release self-timer 10s.

     

  1. Auto-ISO Hand-held Exposure.  This is the method to adopt if you are walking around in a tourist destination with just your camera/lens, without a tripod or other accessories.
    • ISO = auto.  Granted, this will result in noisy images with consumer or prosumer cameras.  There are professional cameras these days, that can produce virtually noise-free images at ISO 6400 or even ISO 12800.  However, for those of us, that do not have professional cameras, resort to noise reduction in post production.
    • Aperture = as necessary for required depth of field.  For extensive depth of field, use f16 or f22.  For shallow depth of field, use f4 or f5.6.  Even in situations where an extensive depth of field is required, I find it hard to shoot hand-held at night, with any aperture narrower than f5.6, due to unacceptable shutter speeds.
    • Metering = Matrix or Evaluative.
    • Shutter speed = 1/50s or 1/100s or 1/200s, depending on the whether the subject is stationary or moving and how steady your own hands are.  In addition to considerations related to moving or stationary objects, you must consider your own hand-shake to determine what works for you.  Run a test to determine acceptable hand-holding shutter speeds for you.
    • Post process in Lightroom or similar software to reach desired look.

    Buses and Clock Tower at the Bund, Shanghai.

    Buses and Clock Tower at the Bund, Shanghai. Nikon D300, Nikkor 17-35mm f2.8 lens, ISO 1600, f2.8, 1/160s, Hand-held.

  1. Manual Long Single Exposure with Tripod
    • ISO = Native
    • Aperture = as necessary for required depth of field
    • Metering = don’t care
    • Shutter speed = 1s, 2s, 4s, 8s, 15s, 30s, 1m, 2m, 4m
    • Review the results from the various shutter speeds in Lightroom or similar software and pick the exposure that is exposed most to the right, without losing highlight detail.  Then process that exposure to reach desired look.

    Austin Downtown and reflection in Colorado River.

    Austin Downtown and reflection in Colorado River. Nikon D300, Nikkor 17-35mm lens, ISO 200, f16, 60s. Gitzo 1340 Tripod, Kirk BH-1 Ball-head, Nikon Electronic Shutter Release.

  1. Manual Long Composite Exposure with Tripod
    1. ISO = Native
    2. Aperture = as necessary for required depth of field
    3. Metering = don’t care
    4. Shutter speed = 1s, 2s, 4s, 8s, 15s, 30s, 1m, 2m, 4m
    5. By reviewing the previews and histograms on the LCD screen, determine the shutter speed resulting in the exposure, that is exposed most to the right, without losing highlight detail.
    6. Using shutter speed determined in previous step, keep clicking several exposures of the exact same scene to capture different nuances of moving subjects (for example, fireworks, traffic trails etc)
    7. Using Lightroom and Photoshop or similar software, make a composite that overlays the various exposures made in previous step.

    Las Vegas at Night.

    Las Vegas at Night. Nikon D300, ISO 200, f22, Several shutter speeds and composited using the method described here.

  1. Manual Long HDR Exposure with Tripod
    • ISO = Native
    • Aperture = as necessary for required depth of field
    • Metering = don’t care
    • Shutter speed = 1s, 2s, 4s, 8s, 15s, 30s, 1m, 2m, 4m
    • In post production, review the fast exposures that still have highlight detail as well as the slow exposures that still some lowlight details.  Using these two exposures as extremes and including some additional exposures in between, export them to HDR Efex Pro 2 or similar HDR software and generate an HDR image.  Thumb through the various presets in the program and pick the one that most matches your vision.  Furthermore, fine-tune the HDR image in your software, until you are totally satisfied.

 

Austin Capilol Building at Night.

Austin Capitol Building at Night. Nikon D300, Nikkor 17-35mm f2.8 lens, ISO 200. Gitzo 1340 Tripod, Kirk BH-1 Ball-head, Nikon Electronic Shutter Release. HDR procedure described in this section.

Feel free to leave a comment.  If you like this post and benefited by it, please forward it to a friend who may benefit from it as well.  Thank you and I shall see you again soon.

 

 

Night shot of Las Vegas

Las Vegas at Night

Las Vegas at Night

As I walked around Las Vegas last December, a large number of Las Vegas tourists stopped beside me and wondered about my night photography technique. It is quite simple.
1. Use a tripod.
2. Trip shutter with a remote trigger.
3. Use the manual exposure mo…de. Set the aperture to f22, for an image like this, to get extensive depth of field.
4. Attempt various shutter speeds to explore effects.
5. Make several frames, so that you capture a variety of traffic patterns.
6. Stack the captures in photoshop.

I go through all this in great detail and walk my students through it step-by-step in the Advanced DSLR Seminar coming up in March. Also, I will take a handful of registered students with me and walk around San Francisco doing night shots in my San Francisco Night Workshop, also coming up in March.